我国高校社会实践体系的问题与对策

大学生社会实践体系建设是增强大学生实践能力的重要举措。文章从现状出发分析了高校社会实践体系存在的主要问题，包括对社会实践活动定位不准，资金使用不规范，相关制度不完善等。在此基础上，分别从高校和学生这两个社会实践体系主体的角度出发，提出完善高校社会实践体系的建议。包括高校优化人员结构，建立健全相关制度，提高高校硬件水平，加强合作。学生努力学习科学文化知识，提高自身科学文化素质。     

An integrated analysis of workers’ physically active activity and active travel choice behavior

Using Texas add-on sample data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey, this study examines adult workers’ daily active choice decisions in the context of physical activity and attendant health benefits. The study looked at workers’ two choice behaviors: active activity and active travel. The first choice behavior, active activity, is developed as an ordered-response model based on the number of physically active recreational activities pursued during the workday. The second choice behavior, active travel, is developed as a binary-response model that examines workers’ active travel choices—whether or not the worker used any active mode of travel during the same workday. The study improves the understanding and knowledge of observed factors influencing workers’ physically active activity-travel behavior. The study also provides several observations regarding the role (and constraints) of employment in individuals’ active choices. Using a flexible copula modeling methodology, we explore the true correlation (or dependence) between the two behavior choices that could occur due to the presence of unobserved factors, suggesting a simultaneously low or simultaneously high propensity for being physically active across workers. The study findings suggest that transportation and public health policy makers can mutually benefit from encouraging workers to be physically active (from an activity and/or travel perspective). Overall, the study draws attention to the integrated nature of the public health and transportation fields, thereby providing a distinct view of active/inactive choice behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring a rich variety of components for workers’ active activity-travel behavior through a robust copula approach.     

Unraveling the relationship between trip chaining and mode choice: evidence from a multi-week travel diary

Abstract

Trip chaining (or tours) and mode choice are two critical factors influencing a variety of patterns of urban travel demand. This paper investigates the hierarchical relationship between these two sets of decisions including the influences of socio-demographic characteristics on them. It uses a 6-week travel diary collected in Thurgau, Switzerland, in 2003. The structural equation modeling technique is applied to identify the hierarchical relationship. Hierarchy and temporal consistency of the relationship is investigated separately for work versus non-work tours. It becomes clear that for work tours in weekdays, trip-chaining and mode choice decisions are simultaneous and remain consistent across the weeks. For non-work tours in weekdays, mode choice decisions precede trip-chaining decisions. However, for non-work tours in weekends, trip-chaining decisions precede mode choice decisions. A number of socioeconomic characteristics also play major roles in influencing the relationships. Results of the investigation challenge the traditional approach of modeling mode choice separately from activity-scheduling decisions.     

向家坝枢纽非恒定泄流对落锅滩河段航道通航条件的影响

电站日调节非恒定流对下游河道的影响是向家坝工程在运行时需要考虑的主要问题。通过长河段二维非恒定数学模型计算分析向家坝日调节非恒定流对落锅滩河段航道通航水流条件的影响,选取两种典型日调节工况和泄洪工况分析河段内水位、流量、流速等水力因素变化特性。结果表明,两种典型日调节工况下非恒定流传播至落锅滩水位变幅在1. 26～1. 46 m,泄洪工况下水位最大日变幅在2. 05～2. 96 m,非恒定流对河段产生了一定影响,根据目前通航标准来看,4种工况下河段内水力指标均能够达到通航水力指标。建议对坝下非恒定流特征及其对航道、港口码头的影响情况进行原型观测,积累实践经验,为进一步优化电站调度方案和下游航道维护等方面提供依据。     

Attitudes of Hong Kong residents to cars and public transport: Some policy implications

Hong Kong currently has low levels of car ownership and use due to a combination of good public transport, high population densities and high private transport costs. However, levels are rising, contributing to congestion and environmental problems. A major response by the government is to seek to increase rail's share of public transport journeys from its current level of 33% to 45% by 2016. After reviewing the transport situation in Hong Kong, the paper discusses the appropriateness of these targets as well as questioning whether they are achievable. The results of a questionnaire survey of 595 residents of Hong Kong, designed to elicit people's attitudes to cars and public transport, are analysed. It is concluded that unless the government does more to curb car ownership and use, rail targets will have little chance of being achieved.     

南京枢纽新建南京北动车所的必要性及整体布局方案研究

针对国内在新建高速铁路枢纽内,动车组配属及承担动车段(所)动车组检修工作量、检修设施规模的测算结果中表现出的不统一、不协调及不匹配等问题,本文以新建南京枢纽南京北动车所工程项目为依托,研究确定枢纽内动车组配属规模设计、承担动车段(所)动车组检修工作量及检修设施规模测算理论,提出了以全周转时间及日车公里法为指标的2种枢纽...     

Rural transport – Valuing the mobility of older people

This paper describes a series of focus groups that were undertaken in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland to examine the challenges faced by older people in rural Ireland when trying to make trips. The paper outlines transport policy in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and describes the activity patterns of older trip makers and the modes they use. It also discusses some of the contrasts between challenges faced by older men and older women. Both older men and older women experience a shrinking in activity spaces and activity participation when older. Older women are less likely to drive and to own a car and so are seriously impacted by loss of a spouse in terms of their unmet travel needs. However, older men also experience difficulties: the alternatives that are available (such as community transport schemes) provide trips and services that are more attractive to women. In addition, the car dependent lifestyles of men throughout their adult lives seems to make them less prepared for life without a car than older women.     

温拌沥青混合料在低温施工中的技术应用

依托实体工程,对表面活性型温拌剂的作用机理进行分析,并以此为基础,进行温拌沥青混合料配合比设计及路用性能研究,提出相应的施工质量控制方案.实践表明,温拌技术在不损伤热拌沥青混合料路用性能的前提下降低了沥青在较低温度下的拌合粘度,延长了施工季节,使沥青路面施工更加科学,具有可操作性.     

Economic Activity Derived from Whale-Based Tourism in Vava'u,Tonga

This article reports on a study that estimated the economic activity of snorkel-with-whales tourism in the small, isolated island group of Vava'u, Tonga. This research shows that these activities generate important economic and other benefits and that these benefits grew from a relatively modest USD500,000 per year in 1999 to USD5 million per year by 2009. Data from self-reply questionnaires completed by holiday-makers who traveled by aircraft (n = 499) and yacht-based visitors (n = 52) showed that whales have become the predominant attraction for visitors to these remote islands. Interviews with tour operators (n = 10) confirmed the increasing influence of whale based activities over all tourism in the Vava'u area.     

城市职住平衡的影响因素及改善对策

从城市职住平衡的影响因素出发,以城市发展政策、土地开发政策、交通系统发展、居民收入与产业发展等视角探讨大城市职住平衡形成的政策与规划因素。然后,从政策和规划两个层面思考促进城市职住平衡实现的途径。指出调整城市发展政策是调整职住平衡的根本,而职住平衡是一个动态过程,必须研究政策对职住平衡发展过程的影响。强调通过大城市活动组织分区来控制出行距离,在这些分区内城市服务配置相对完善、就业与居住平衡。最后指出,在把握职住平衡形成规律的基础上应充分考虑弹性,在城市空间规划与交通规划中坚持城市活动分区组织,同时将发展时序与政策有效结合。